Intro to XML

• Outline
• Part I: XML Basics
• What is XML?
• XML is a Meta Markup Language
• XML describes structure and semantics, not formatting
• A Song Description in HTML
• A Song Description in XML
• Style Sheets provide formatting
• Attaching style sheets to documents
• What is XML used for?
• Domain-Specific Markup Languages
• Self-Describing Data
• An XML Fragment
• Interchange of Data Among Applications
• Structured and Integrated Data
• XML Applications
• Example XML Applications
• Mathematical Markup Language
• Channel Definition Format
• Classic Literature
• Vector Graphics
• The Resource Description Framework (RDF)
• An Example of RDF
• XML for XML
• XSL: The Extensible Stylesheet Language
• DCD: The Document Content Description Schema Language
• XLL: The Extensible Linking Language
• File Formats, in-house applications, and other behind the scenes uses
• Hello XML
• The FOO element
• greeting.xml
• Style sheets
• xml-stylesheet
• greeting.css
• greeting.xsl
• Attaching a style sheet to an XML document
• A larger example: Music Catalog
• Sample Catalog
• Organizing the Data
• What is the Root Element
• The Root Element
• What are the Immediate Children of the Root?
• Child Elements
• White space in XML is not especially significant
• Composers
• Grand Children
• Attributes
• Attributes vs. Elements
• When not to use attributes
• Compositions
• Each composition has a
• Composition Example in XML
• Further Divisions
• Attaching the Composer to the Composition
• Some Keywords For the Search Engines
• Standard Signature
• Cascading Style Sheets
• A Blank Style Sheet
• The Default Rule
• A style rule for the category element
• A style rule for the composer element
• A style rule for the title element
• A style rule for the catalog info
• Style rules for the signature
• Style Rules for composition children
• Finished Style Sheet
• Possible Extensions
• Possible Solutions
• CSS or XSL?
• Well-formedness Rules
• Open and close all tags
• Empty tags end with />
• There is a unique root element
• Elements may not overlap
• Attribute values are quoted
• < and & are only used to start tags and entities
• Only the five predefined entity references are used
• Questions?
• Part II: DTDs
• What is XML?
• XML is a Meta Markup Language
• A Song Description in HTML
• A Song Description in XML
• A DTD for Songs
• A Valid Song Document
• Validity
• Checking Validity
• What is XML used for?
• Domain-Specific Markup Languages
• Self-Describing Data
• Interchange of Data Among Applications
• Structured and Integrated Data
• XML Applications
• Well-formedness vs validity
• DTDs and Validity
• What is a DTD?
• The importance of validation
• A DTD for greeting.xml
• Document Type Declarations
• Invalid Documents
• Validating Tools
• Internal DTDs
• An Example Document
• Element Declarations
• Content Specifications
• ANY
• #PCDATA
• #PCDATA
• #PCDATA
• Comments in DTDs
• Child Elements
• Child Elements
• Sequences
• More Sequences
• One or More Children +
• Zero or More Children *
• Zero or One Children ?
• Choices
• Grouping With Parentheses
• Mixed Content
• Mixed Content
• Empty elements
• Content Models You Can't Declare
• Attribute Declarations
• Multiple Attribute Declarations
• Attribute Default Values
• #REQUIRED
• #IMPLIED
• #FIXED
• Attribute Types
• CDATA
• ID
• IDREF
• IDREFS
• Finished DTD
• ENTITY
• ENTITIES
• NOTATION
• NMTOKEN
• NMTOKENS
• Enumerated
• The description element
• XHTML
• XHTML strict DTD
• External Parameter Entity References
• Finished DTD
• Internal DTD Subsets
• Schemas
• Questions?
• Part III: XSL, the Extensible Style Language
• What Is XSL?
• Versions
• The Process of an XSL Transformation
• An Example XML Document
• An XSL Style Sheet
• Output
• Templates
• The actual HTML output
• Adding the root
• The actual HTML output
• Applying Templates
• The actual HTML output
• The select attribute
• The actual HTML output
• Expanding the coverage
• The actual HTML output
• Attributes
• The actual HTML output
• Attribute Value Templates
• The actual HTML output
• xsl:copy
• The generated HTML
• The Or Operator in Match Patterns
• The * wildcard
• The node() and @* wildcards
• Are we being too greedy?
• Testing conditions with xsl:if
• The actual HTML output
• Matching composers with compositions
• Matching composers with compositions
• The actual HTML output
• Sorting with xsl:sort
• The actual HTML output
• Multiple Key Sorts
• The actual HTML output
• Sorting by Composition Title
• The actual HTML output
• xsl:for-each
• The actual HTML output
• Sorting the Table of Contents
• Adding Links from the Table of Contents
• The actual HTML output
• Numbering Output
• String functions
• substring()
• The actual HTML output
• Number Operators
• Number Functions
• Where Does the XML Transformation Happen?
• Client Side Processing
• A style sheet that works with Internet Explorer 5.0
• What else does XSL have?
• What does XSL not have?
• Summary
• To Learn More
• Questions?
• Part IV: XLinks and XPointers
• Three Technologies
• Versions
• HTML Links are Limited
• XLinks are More Powerful
• Application Support
• Linking Elements
• For example
• Declaring XLink Attributes in DTDs
• Fixed Attributes
• Other Attributes
• xlink:simple
• Descriptions of the Remote Resource
• role and title
• Link Behavior
• xlink:show
• xlink:actuate
• Parameter Entities for Link Attributes
• Extended Links
• Extended Link Elements
• Locators
• xlink:type="locator"
• xlink:locator
• Locators in DTDs
• Parameter Entities for these DTDs
• Arcs
• xlink:arc
• Arc Traversal Behavior
• show, actuate, actuatedefault, showdefault
• xlink:show, xlink:actuate, xlink:actuatedefault, xlink:showdefault
• Declarations for Extended Link Attributes
• Out-of-Line Links and Extended Link Groups
• Extended Link Group Syntax
• Extended Link Example
• Extended Link Example
• Extended Link Example
• Or, Using Attribute Syntax
• XLink Summary
• Part V: XPointers
• What are XPointers?
• Why Use XPointers?
• Three Problems to Solve
• Named Anchors are HTML's solution
• XPointer Examples
• URIs with XPointers
• XLinks with XPointers
• Document Fragments
• A Concrete Example
• Location Steps
• Absolute Location Steps
• id()
• ID shortcut
• The root /
• Relative Location Steps
• The Parts of a Relative Location Step
• The Twelve Relative Location Axes
• child
• descendant
• descendant-or-self
• parent
• self
• ancestor
• ancestor-or-self
• preceding
• following
• preceding-sibling
• following-sibling
• attribute
• Node Tests
• The wild card *
• text()
• comment()
• processing-instruction()
• Predicates
• XPointer Predicates are booleans
• position()
• String Location Terms
• Position and Length in String Location Terms
• Ranges
• Tumblers
• XPointer Summary
• Questions?
• Part VI: Programming with XML
• Programming with XML
• SAX, the Simple API for XML
• The Document Object Model (DOM)
• To Learn More
• Questions?