XML Fundamentals

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• Outline
• Part I: XML Overview
• What is XML?
• XML is a Meta Markup Language
• XML describes structure and semantics, not formatting
• A Song Description in HTML
• A Song Description in XML
• The XML Declaration
• Elements
• Cascading Style Sheets
• CSS Stylesheet for Songs
• Attaching style sheets to documents
• song.xsl
• Applying an XSLT Style Sheet
• Output
• Editing and Saving XML Documents
• Questions?
• Well-formedness
• Validity
• A DTD for Songs
• A Valid Song Document
• Checking Validity
• A More Complex Example
• Attributes
• Empty-element Tags
• Comments
• Namespaces
• Entity References
• A More Complex DTD
• Questions?
• Part II: What is XML Good For?
• What is XML used for?
• Domain-Specific Markup Languages
• Self-Describing Data
• An XML Fragment
• Interchange of Data Among Applications
• Can assemble data from multiple sources
• XML Applications
• Example XML Applications
• Mathematical Markup Language
• Channel Definition Format
• Classic Literature
• Vector Graphics
• XML for XML
• XSL: The Extensible Stylesheet Language
• Schemas
• W3C XML Schema Language Example
• XLinks
• File Formats, in-house applications, and other behind the scenes uses
• Questions?
• Part III: A Practical Example
• A larger example: Music Catalog
• Sample Catalog
• Organizing the Data
• What is the Root Element
• The Root Element
• What are the Immediate Children of the Root?
• Child Elements
• White space in XML is not especially significant
• Composers
• Grand Children
• Attributes
• Attributes vs. Elements
• When not to use attributes
• Compositions
• Each composition has a
• Composition Example in XML
• Further Divisions
• Attaching the Composer to the Composition
• Some Keywords For the Search Engines
• Standard Signature
• CSS Style Sheet for the Catalog
• Possible Extensions
• Possible Solutions
• CSS or XSL?
• Questions?
• Part IV: Well-formedness
• Well-formedness Rules
• Open and close all tags
• Empty-element tags end with />
• There is a unique root element
• Elements may not overlap
• Attribute values are quoted
• < and & are only used to start tags and entities
• Only the five predefined entity references are used
• Character References
• Questions?
• Part V: DTDs
• Well-formedness vs. validity
• DTDs and Validity
• What is a DTD?
• Validity
• A Valid Song Document
• Checking Validity
• Internal DTD Subsets
• The importance of validation
• Where are DTDs Important?
• Domain-Specific Markup Languages
• Self-Describing Data
• Interchange of Data Among Applications
• Structured and Integrated Data
• An Example Document
• Element Declarations
• Content Specifications
• ANY
• #PCDATA
• #PCDATA
• #PCDATA
• Comments in DTDs
• Child Elements
• Child Elements
• Sequences
• More Sequences
• One or More Children +
• Zero or More Children *
• Zero or One Children ?
• Choices
• Mixed Content
• Content Models You Can't Declare
• Attribute Declarations
• Multiple Attribute Declarations
• Attribute Default Values
• #REQUIRED
• #IMPLIED
• #FIXED
• Attribute Types
• CDATA
• ID
• IDREF
• IDREFS
• Finished DTD
• Questions?
• Part VI: Namespaces
• Raison d'etre
• The Need for Namespaces
• Namespaces disambiguate elements
• Namespace Syntax
• Namespace URIs
• Binding Prefixes to Namespace URIs
• Binding Prefixes to Namespace URIs Example
• Unprefixed attributes are never in any namespace
• URIs matter; not prefixes
• Namespace URIs do not necessarily point to a document, page, or schema
• The Default Namespace
• Namespaces and DTDs
• Questions?
• To Learn More
• Questions?

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