Intro to XML

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• Outline
• Part I: XML Basics
• What is XML?
• Extensible Markup Language
• XML is a Meta Markup Language
• XML Applications
• Some XML Applications
• XML describes structure and semantics, not formatting
• A Song Description in HTML
• A Song Description in XML
• Editing and Saving XML Files
• Style Sheets provide formatting
• Attaching style sheets to documents
• Style Sheet Languages
• An XSLT stylesheet
• Transforming the Document
• CSS or XSL?
• Questions?
• Well-formedness
• Validity
• A DTD for Songs
• A Valid Song Document
• Checking Validity
• A More Complex Example
• The XML Declaration
• Attributes
• Empty-element Tags
• Comments
• Namespaces
• Entity References
• A More Complex DTD
• Questions?
• What is XML used for?
• Domain-Specific Markup Languages
• Self-Describing Data
• An XML Fragment
• Interchange of Data Among Applications
• Example XML Applications
• Mathematical Markup Language
• Channel Definition Format
• Classic Literature
• Vector Graphics
• The Resource Description Framework (RDF)
• An Example of RDF
• File Formats, in-house applications, and other behind the scenes uses
• XML for XML
• XSL: The Extensible Stylesheet Language
• An XML document
• An XSLT style sheet that converts to XSL-FO
• The XSL-FO Output
• W3C XML Schemas
• XML Hypertext
• XML Hypertext Example
• XLinks
• Extended Links
• Extended Link Example
• Diagram of an Extended Link
• XInclude
• Non-XML for XML
• XPath
• XPointers
• XPointers and URIs
• Questions?
• A larger example: Music Catalog
• Sample Catalog
• Organizing the Data
• What is the Root Element
• The Root Element
• What are the Immediate Children of the Root?
• Child Elements
• White space in XML is not especially significant
• Composers
• Grand Children
• Attributes
• Attributes vs. Elements
• When not to use attributes
• Compositions
• Each composition has a
• Composition Example in XML
• Further Divisions
• Attaching the Composer to the Composition
• Some Keywords For the Search Engines
• Standard Signature
• Cascading Style Sheets
• A Blank Style Sheet
• The Default Rule
• A style rule for the category element
• A style rule for the composer element
• A style rule for the title element
• A style rule for the catalog info
• Style rules for the signature
• Style Rules for composition children
• Finished Style Sheet
• Possible Extensions
• Possible Solutions
• CSS or XSL?
• Questions?
• Part II: Well-formedness, DTDs, and Validity
• Well-formedness vs validity
• Well-formedness Rules
• Open and close all tags
• Empty-element tags end with />
• There is a unique root element
• Elements may not overlap
• Attribute values are quoted
• < and & are only used to start tags and entities
• Only the five predefined entity references are used
• Character References
• Questions?
• XML is a Meta Markup Language
• A Song Description in XML
• A DTD for Songs
• A Valid Song Document
• Validity
• Checking Validity
• Internal DTDs
• What is XML used for?
• Domain-Specific Markup Languages
• Self-Describing Data
• Interchange of Data Among Applications
• XML Applications
• DTDs and Validity
• What is a DTD?
• The importance of validation
• An Example Document
• Element Declarations
• Content Specifications
• ANY
• #PCDATA
• #PCDATA
• #PCDATA
• Comments in DTDs
• Child Elements
• Child Elements
• Sequences
• More Sequences
• One or More Children +
• Zero or More Children *
• Zero or One Children ?
• Choices
• Grouping With Parentheses
• Mixed Content
• Empty elements
• Content Models You Can't Declare
• Attribute Declarations
• Multiple Attribute Declarations
• Attribute Default Values
• #REQUIRED
• #IMPLIED
• #FIXED
• Attribute Types
• CDATA
• ID
• IDREF
• IDREFS
• Enumerated
• Finished DTD
• Questions?
• General Entity References
• General Entity Reference Example
• External General Entity References
• A DTD that declares External General Entities
• An External Parsed General Entity
• A Document that uses External General Entity References
• Parameter Entity References
• External Parameter Entity References
• The description element
• XHTML
• External Parameter Entity References
• Finished DTD
• Internal DTD Subsets
• Schemas
• Questions?
• Part III: Namespaces
• Raison d'etre
• The Need for Namespaces
• Namespaces disambiguate elements
• Namespace Syntax
• Namespace URIs
• Binding Prefixes to Namespace URIs
• Binding Prefixes to Namespace URIs Example
• Binding namespaces to prefixes with #FIXED ATTLIST declarations
• Unprefixed attributes are never in any namespace
• URIs matter; not prefixes
• Namespace URIs do not necessarily point to a document, page, or schema
• The Default Namespace
• Binding default namespaces to elements with #FIXED ATTLISTs
• How Parsers Handle Namespaces
• Namespaces and DTDs
• Part IV: XSL, the Extensible Stylesheet Language
• What Is XSL?
• Versions
• The Process of an XSL Transformation
• An Example XML Document
• An XSLT Style Sheet
• Using SAXON to apply the stylesheet to compositions.xml
• Output
• Templates
• The actual HTML output
• Adding the root
• The actual HTML output
• Applying Templates
• The actual HTML output
• The select attribute
• The actual HTML output
• Expanding the coverage
• The actual HTML output
• Attributes
• The actual HTML output
• Attribute Value Templates
• The actual HTML output
• xsl:copy
• The generated HTML
• The Or Operator in Match Patterns
• The * wildcard
• The node() and @* wildcards
• Are we being too greedy?
• Testing conditions with xsl:if
• The actual HTML output
• Matching composers with compositions
• Matching composers with compositions
• The actual HTML output
• Sorting with xsl:sort
• The actual HTML output
• Multiple Key Sorts
• The actual HTML output
• Sorting by Composition Title
• The actual HTML output
• xsl:for-each
• The actual HTML output
• Sorting the Table of Contents
• Adding Links from the Table of Contents
• The actual HTML output
• Numbering Output
• String functions
• substring()
• The actual HTML output
• Number Operators
• Number Functions
• Where Does the Transformation Happen?
• Client Side Processing
• A style sheet that works with Internet Explorer 5.0 and 5.5
• What else does XSLT have?
• What does XSLT not have?
• Summary
• To Learn More
• Questions?
• Part V: XML and Databases
• Don't drink the snake oil!
• Integrating XML with Databases
• Middleware
• Database Exchange and Integration
• Questions?
• Part VI: Programming with XML
• Several APIs to choose from
• SAX
• SAX2
• The SAX Process
• Parsing a Document with XMLReader
• The ContentHandler interface
• SAX Example
• Event Based API Caveats
• Questions?
• Document Object Model
• The Design of the DOM API
• DOM Evolution
• Eight Modules:
• DOM Trees
• org.w3c.dom
• The DOM Process
• Parsing documents with a DOM Parser Example
• DOM Example
• Questions?
• JDOM
• The JDOM Process
• Parsing a Document with JDOM
• Parser Results
• JDOM Example
• Questions?
• To Learn More
• Questions?

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