Intro to XML

• Outline
• Part I: XML Basics
• What is XML?
• XML is a Meta Markup Language
• XML describes structure and semantics, not formatting
• A Song Description in HTML
• A Song Description in XML
• Style Sheets provide formatting
• Attaching style sheets to documents
• What is XML used for?
• Domain-Specific Markup Languages
• Self-Describing Data
• An XML Fragment
• Interchange of Data Among Applications
• Can assemble data from multiple sources
• XML Applications
• Example XML Applications
• Mathematical Markup Language
• Channel Definition Format
• Classic Literature
• Vector Graphics
• The Resource Description Framework (RDF)
• An Example of RDF
• XML for XML
• XSL: The Extensible Stylesheet Language
• XML Schema
• XLinks
• File Formats, in-house applications, and other behind the scenes uses
• Hello XML
• The FOO element
• greeting.xml
• Style sheets
• xml-stylesheet
• greeting.css
• greeting.xsl
• A larger example: Music Catalog
• Sample Catalog
• Organizing the Data
• What is the Root Element
• The Root Element
• What are the Immediate Children of the Root?
• Child Elements
• White space in XML is not especially significant
• Composers
• Grand Children
• Attributes
• Attributes vs. Elements
• When not to use attributes
• Compositions
• Each composition has a
• Composition Example in XML
• Further Divisions
• Attaching the Composer to the Composition
• Some Keywords For the Search Engines
• Standard Signature
• Cascading Style Sheets
• A Blank Style Sheet
• The Default Rule
• A style rule for the category element
• A style rule for the composer element
• A style rule for the title element
• A style rule for the catalog info
• Style rules for the signature
• Style Rules for composition children
• Finished Style Sheet
• Possible Extensions
• Possible Solutions
• CSS or XSL?
• Well-formedness Rules
• Open and close all tags
• Empty tags end with />
• There is a unique root element
• Elements may not overlap
• Attribute values are quoted
• < and & are only used to start tags and entities
• Only the five predefined entity references are used
• Questions?
• Part II: DTDs
• What is XML?
• XML is a Meta Markup Language
• A Song Description in XML
• A DTD for Songs
• A Valid Song Document
• Validity
• Checking Validity
• What is XML used for?
• Domain-Specific Markup Languages
• Self-Describing Data
• Interchange of Data Among Applications
• Structured and Integrated Data
• XML Applications
• Well-formedness vs validity
• DTDs and Validity
• What is a DTD?
• The importance of validation
• A DTD for greeting.xml
• Document Type Declarations
• Invalid Documents
• Validating Tools
• Internal DTDs
• An Example Document
• Element Declarations
• Content Specifications
• ANY
• #PCDATA
• #PCDATA
• #PCDATA
• Comments in DTDs
• Child Elements
• Child Elements
• Sequences
• More Sequences
• One or More Children +
• Zero or More Children *
• Zero or One Children ?
• Choices
• Grouping With Parentheses
• Mixed Content
• Empty elements
• Content Models You Can't Declare
• Attribute Declarations
• Multiple Attribute Declarations
• Attribute Default Values
• #REQUIRED
• #IMPLIED
• #FIXED
• Attribute Types
• CDATA
• ID
• IDREF
• IDREFS
• Finished DTD
• ENTITY
• ENTITIES
• NOTATION
• NMTOKEN
• NMTOKENS
• Enumerated
• General Entity References
• General Entity Reference Example
• External General Entity References
• A DTD that declares External General Entities
• An External Parsed General Entity
• A Document that uses External General Entity References
• Parameter Entity References
• External Parameter Entity References
• The description element
• XHTML
• XHTML strict DTD
• External Parameter Entity References
• Finished DTD
• Internal DTD Subsets
• Schemas
• Questions?
• Part III: Namespaces
• Raison d'etre
• The Need for Namespaces
• Namespaces disambiguate elements
• Namespace Syntax
• Namespace URIs
• Binding Prefixes to Namespace URIs
• Binding Prefixes to Namespace URIs Example
• Binding namespaces to prefixes with #FIXED ATTLIST declarations
• Unprefixed attributes are never in any namespace
• URIs matter; not prefixes
• Namespace URIs do not necessarily point to a document, page, or schema
• The Default Namespace
• Binding default namespaces to elements with #FIXED ATTLISTs
• How Parsers Handle Namespaces
• Namespaces and DTDs
• Part IV: XSL, the Extensible Style Language
• What Is XSL?
• Versions
• The Process of an XSL Transformation
• An Example XML Document
• An XSL Style Sheet
• Output
• Templates
• The actual HTML output
• Adding the root
• The actual HTML output
• Applying Templates
• The actual HTML output
• The select attribute
• The actual HTML output
• Expanding the coverage
• The actual HTML output
• Attributes
• The actual HTML output
• Attribute Value Templates
• The actual HTML output
• xsl:copy
• The generated HTML
• The Or Operator in Match Patterns
• The * wildcard
• The node() and @* wildcards
• Are we being too greedy?
• Testing conditions with xsl:if
• The actual HTML output
• Matching composers with compositions
• Matching composers with compositions
• The actual HTML output
• Sorting with xsl:sort
• The actual HTML output
• Multiple Key Sorts
• The actual HTML output
• Sorting by Composition Title
• The actual HTML output
• xsl:for-each
• The actual HTML output
• Sorting the Table of Contents
• Adding Links from the Table of Contents
• The actual HTML output
• Numbering Output
• String functions
• substring()
• The actual HTML output
• Number Operators
• Number Functions
• Where Does the XML Transformation Happen?
• Client Side Processing
• A style sheet that works with Internet Explorer 5.0
• What else does XSL have?
• What does XSL not have?
• Summary
• To Learn More
• Questions?
• Part V: XLinks
• Three Technologies
• Versions
• HTML Links are Limited
• XLinks are More Powerful
• Application Support
• Linking Elements
• For example
• Declaring XLink Attributes in DTDs
• Fixed Attributes
• Other Attributes
• Descriptions of the Remote Resource
• Link Behavior
• xlink:show
• xlink:actuate
• Parameter Entities for Link Attributes
• Extended Links
• Extended Links
• Resources
• Resource Example
• Resource Example Diagram
• Roles and Titles for Resources
• DTD for Extended Links
• Another Shortcut for the DTD
• Arcs
• Arc Example
• Arc Example Diagram
• Arc Example
• Arc Example Diagram
• Arc Example with omitted to attribute
• Arc Example Diagram
• Arc DTD Fragment
• Out-of-Line Links
• Out of line Link example
• Out of line Link example
• Another Out of line Link Example
• Linkbases
• XLink Summary
• Questions?
• Part VI: XPointers
• What are XPointers?
• Why Use XPointers?
• XPointer Examples
• A Concrete Example
• Location Paths, Steps, and Sets
• Location Steps
• Location Paths
• Location Paths that Identify Multiple Nodes
• Axes
• Location Step Axes
• The child Axis
• The descendant Axis
• The descendant-or-self Axis
• The parent Axis
• The self Axis
• The ancestor Axis
• The ancestor-or-self Axis
• The preceding Axis
• The following Axis
• The preceding-sibling Axis
• The following-sibling Axis
• The attribute Axis
• Node Tests
• Predicates
• Identifying an element by its position
• Functions that Return Node Sets
• id()
• here()
• origin()
• Points
• Point Expressions
• Ranges
• Range Expressions
• Range Functions
• String Ranges
• Child Sequences
• Summary
• Questions?
• Part VII: Programming with XML
• Programming with XML
• SAX, the Simple API for XML
• SAX Example
• The Document Object Model (DOM)
• DOM Example
• To Learn More
• Questions?